Pope Leo XIV has consistently criticized the conflict in Iran, urging de-escalation, renewed diplomacy and greater protection for civilians, while warning that continued fighting risks broader regional instability.
President Trump, however, has defended the military campaign as necessary to address what he describes as a serious security threat from Iran, including concerns over nuclear capabilities.
Trump has also pointed out that the Vatican is not accounting for intelligence and security considerations, but Pope Leo maintains that his remarks are rooted in humanitarian and moral concerns, saying he has a duty to speak on issues of peace.
The exchange has unfolded on social media and through public statements and interviews. Most recently, during his homily at a "meeting for peace" in Cameroon, the pontiff never mentioned the president by name, but it was clear he was referring to Trump.
"Jesus told us, 'Blessed are the peacemakers,' but woe to those who manipulate religion in the very name of God for their own military, economic, or political gain," he said.
National Review editor Rich Lowry says the pope has a right to his own opinion.
"Of course the pope should pray for peace," Lowry comments. "He doesn't have to support this war."
But along with others, he takes issue with the Vatican on Pope Leo's implication that God has no love for warriors.
"He said a couple weeks ago on Palm Sunday, 'God does not listen to the prayers of those who wage war,'" Lowry notes. "Has he ever heard of David? Has he ever heard of Gideon? Has he ever heard of Joshua?"
He says the pope needs to catch up on his Bible reading and familiarize himself with some of its "most important and compelling figures."
He also encourages the head of the Catholic church to review history.
"Does he mean to suggest that God didn't listen to Lincoln or Churchill for their prayers during war, or he didn't listen to a doughboy who was frightened in a trench in World War I because he was waging war?" the National Review editor poses.
The war in Iran is showing some signs of de-escalation, but recent reporting indicates the dispute between the pope and the president is ongoing and actively escalating, not winding down.
